Nombre en español: Paujil Copete-de-piedra

Nombre en ingles: Helmeted Curassow

Nombre científico: Pauxi pauxi

Familia: Cracidae

Foto: Rodrigo Gaviria

Canto: Peter Boesman

El paujil copete de piedra o paují de yelmo²​ (Pauxi pauxi), es una especie de ave galliforme de la familiaCracidae que habita en el noreste de Colombia y el noroeste de Venezuela.

Descripción

Alcanza una altura longitud de 91 cm. Se caracteriza por una protuberancia frontal gris azulada o blancuzca. Las plumas son negras con visos brillantes verdosos, pero el vientre, bajo la cola y la punta de ésta son blancos. El pico es rojizo o anaranjado y las patas rosadas o rojizas.

Hábitat

Vive en bosques de niebla en montañas entre los 500 y 2.200 m.s.n.m. En grupos pequeños o solitarios se alimentan de los frutos caídos. pollos y gallinas

Reproducción

Anidan entre marzo y abril en un árbol, a una altura entre 4 y 6 m. La hembra pone dos huevos que incuba en 34 días.

Amenaza

Se ve altamente presionada por la destrucción de su hábitat y por la intensa cacería, pues le atribuyen falsas propiedades curativas al copete. Quedan pocas especies aisladas, con alto riesgo a desaparecer, para atraer a la hembra este le regala piedras

Subespecies

Se conocen dos subespecies de Pauxi pauxi:³

• Pauxi pauxi pauxi Linnaeus, 1766 – desde la Cordillera de Mérida hasta la Cordillera Oriental, Colombia
• Pauxi pauxi gilliardi Wetmore & Phelps, 1943 – Serranía del Perijá

Helmeted curassow

The helmeted curassow or northern helmeted curassow, (Pauxi pauxi) is a large terrestrial bird in the family Cracidaefound in the subtropical cloud-forest in steep, mountainous regions of western Venezuela and northern Colombia. There are two subspecies found in different mountain ranges. It is a mostly black bird with a white tip to its tail, a red bill and a distinctive grey casque on its forehead. The population of this bird is in decline and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as «endangered».

Description

It is a large terrestrial black curassow with a small head, large bluish grey casque on forehead, red bill, white-tipped tail feathers, greenish glossed mantle and breast feathers, and white below. Both sexes are similar. Length in adult birds can vary from 80 to 100 cm (31 to 39 in). The male, at 3.6 kg (8 lbs), is larger than the female, at 2.6 kg (5.8 lbs). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 36.3 to 42.7 cm (14.3 to 16.8 in), the tail is 30.4 to 36.2 cm (12.0 to 14.3 in) and the tarsus is 8.9 to 11.2 cm (3.5 to 4.4 in).^[2] Some rare rufous morph female has a black barred and reddish brown plumage. For some time, it also contained the horned curassow taxa as subspecies. Nowadays its southern congener is considered a distinct species P. unicornis.

Distribution

One of the largest birds in its habitat, the helmeted curassow is distributed in the eastern Andes of Venezuela and Colombia. In a recent study done in Tamá National Natural Park of Columbia, it suggested that the park contains a significant population of helmeted curassow with a population density of 4.8 individuals per square kilometer. Furthermore, it was noted that most of the observed helmeted curassow occupied the lower strata, forest floor and subcanopy, of the forest, where they are vulnerable to poachers during the dry season. The diet consists mainly of seeds, fruits, insects and small animals. The female lays two cream-colored eggs and incubates them for about 30 days.

Status

The helmeted curassow is listed on Appendix II of CITES. Formerly classified as a Vulnerable species by the IUCN, recent research shows that its numbers are decreasing more and more rapidly. It is consequently uplisted to Endangeredstatus in 2008.

Taxonomy

There are two subspecies:

• Mérida helmeted curassow, Pauxi pauxi pauxi

Cordillera de Mérida into Cordillera Oriental, ColombiaCasque larger, egg-shaped

• Perijá helmeted curassow, Pauxi pauxi gilliardi

Serranía del PerijáCasque smaller, less bulbous, rather cylindrical in shape.

Their evolutionary history is not well researched compared to other curassows. The helmeted curassows probably are a lineage of Late Miocene (Tortonian–Messinian, about 8–7 million years ago) origin. This species’ present-day distribution suggests that it became isolated some 6 million years ago as its mountain range uplifted.^[ It is not known when gene flow between the subspecies ceased.

Wikipedia/eBird/xeno-canto

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