Turpial Matico/Orange-backed Troupial/Icterus croconotus

Nombre en español: Turpial Matico

Nombre en inglés: Orange-backed Troupial

Nombre científico: Icterus croconotus

Familia: Icteridae

Canto: Peter Boesman

El turpial amazónico o matico (Icterus croconotus) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Icteridae propia de América del Sur. Se encuentra en Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay y Perú.

Hábitat

Vive en los bordes del bosque y en campos abiertos arbolados, principalmente por debajo de los 500 m de altitud.

Descripción

Mide entre 23 y 23,5 cm de longitud. El plumaje es de color naranja muy vivo, extendido por arriba desde el dorso, por la nuca, hasta la corona, con una delgada faja frontal supraocular negra; el cuello, las alas y la cola son negras, en cada ala se destaca una discreta línea blanca en la parte externa. Iris anaranjado a amarillo; bico fino con la mandíbula superior negra y la inferior grisácea.

Alimentación

Se alimenta de frutas, néctar e invertebrados pequeños.

Reproducción

Acostumbra ocupar nidos abandonados de otros turpiales, aunque a veces construye el suyo en huecos de troncos. La hembra pone dos o tres huevos, que incuba durante unos 14 días. Los polluelos vuela fuera del nido desde 15 días después de nacer, pero se alimentan solos, únicamente después de los 40 días de edad.

Taxonomía

Algunos expertos consideran esta especie conespecífica con Icterus jamacaii, otros consideran a ambas como subespecies de Icterus icterus.

Han sido reconocidas dos subespecies de I. croconotus:

I. c. croconotus (Wagler, 1829)
I. c. strictifrons Todd, 1924.

Orange-backed troupial

The orange-backed troupial (Icterus croconotus) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is found in Guyana, Brazil, Paraguay, and eastern Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru. It is closely related to the Venezuelan troupial (Icterus icterus) and Campo troupial (Icterus jamacaii), and at one time, all three were considered to be the same species.

Description

The orange-backed troupial grows to a length of about 23 cm (9 in). In colour it is bright orange apart from a black face, bib, wings and tail, and a small white patch on the secondary wing feathers. It has an orange streak on its shoulder and a small blue ring of bare skin surrounds the eye. The bib has a neat lower edge which helps to distinguish it from the Venezuelan troupial, which has a shaggy base to the bib and a much larger white streak on the wing. The song consists of a number of loud, musical phrases, mostly with two syllables.

Distribution and habitat

The orange-backed troupial is found in tropical South America east of the Andes where it is a non-migratory species. Its range extends from southern Guyana, southern Colombia and eastern Ecuador and Peru, through eastern and central Brazil to Bolivia and northern Paraguay. It inhabits forest edges, clearings, riparian woodland, secondary forest, and scrubby woodland at altitudes up to about 750 m (2,500 ft).

Ecology

The orange-backed troupial often forages in pairs, feeding on fruits, insects and other arthropods found at all levels in the canopy. It also sips nectar from wild flowers, including Erythrina. It breeds in July and August in Colombia, and between November and March in Bolivia and Paraguay. It tends not to build its own nest but often pirates the nest of a yellow-rumped cacique (Cacicus cela).

Status

This bird has a very large range amounting to over 6,000,000 square kilometres (2,300,000 sq mi) and is common in some places but less common elsewhere. The population trend is thought to be downward because of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest, but not at such a rate as to threaten its survival, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of «least concern».