Nombre en español: Reinita Palmera
Nombre en inglés: Palm Warbler
Nombre científico: Setophaga palmarum
Familia: Parulidae
La reinita palmera (Setophaga palmarum), también denominada chipe playero, chipe palmero, bijirita de palma y cigüita palmar, es una especie de ave paseriforme migratoria la familia Parulidae que vive en América del Norte.
Descripción
Machos y hembras del chipe playero son similares. Los adultos miden entre 11,5 y 12,5 cm. En las partes superiores, el plumaje es pardo (más oscuro en alas y cola), a excepción de la rabadilla y las plumas cobertoras superiores de la cola, que son amarillentas. En las alas hay dos pequeñas rayas blancuzcas, y las plumas de la cola tienen blanco en el área distal.
Hay ciertos cambios estacionales en el plumaje. En época reproductiva (primavera y verano), los adultos tienen la corona castaña, y la raya supraocular, la garganta y el pecho amarillos. En otoño e invierno, la corona se torna oscura, las partes ventrales blancuzcas con flancos amarillos y la raya supraocular de color pardo claro.
Distribución
Anida principalmente en Canadá, desde el noroeste de ese país hasta la península del Labrador y la isla de Terranova. También en una pequeña área de los Estados Unidos (Grandes Lagos y Maine). En invierno se distribuye al sur de su área de anidación, estableciéndose en zonas costeras de California y en la costa este norteamericana, desde la península Delmarva hasta el sur de Texas y las Antillas, y la costa caribeña occidental desde Yucatán hasta Honduras.
Hábitat
Habita en bosques de coníferas, bosques mixtos y áreas abiertas, generalmente en las cercanías de turberas. En época de invernación se encuentra en áreas abiertas o semi abiertas cercanas a la costa, con abundancia de arbustos y escasos árboles.
Cuando se posa, balancea rápidamente la cola, de modo similar al chipe galán (D. discolor).
Palm warbler
The palm warbler (Setophaga palmarum) is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.
Description
Measurements:
- Length: 4.7–5.5 in (12–14 cm)
- Weight: 0.3–0.5 oz (8.5–14.2 g)
- Wingspan: 7.9–8.3 in (20–21 cm)
Taxonomy
The species comprises two distinct subspecies that may merit specific status.
«Yellow palm warbler» or «eastern palm warbler» (S. p. hypochrysea) of the eastern third of the breeding range has brownish-olive upper parts and thoroughly yellow underparts with bold rufous breast and flank streaking. It migrates later in the fall than its western counterpart.
«Brown palm warbler» or «western palm warbler» (S. p. palmarum) inhabits the remaining western two-thirds of the breeding range. It has much less yellow below, with less colorful streaking, and cold grayish-brown upper parts.
Distribution
Palm warblers breed in open coniferous bogs and edge east of the Continental Divide, across Canada and the northeastern United States.
These birds migrate to the southeastern United States, the Yucatán Peninsula, islands of the Caribbean, and eastern Nicaragua south to Panama to winter. They are one of the earlier migrants to return to their breeding grounds in the spring, often completing their migration almost two months before most other warblers. Unlike most Setophaga species, the Palm warbler’s winter range includes much of the Atlantic coast of North America, extending as far north as southern Nova Scotia. Every year since 1900 the Palm warbler has been observed during Christmas Bird Count activities in Massachusetts, and consistently since 1958 in Nova Scotia. For the interval 1966-2015 the Palm warbler population increased throughout much of its northernmost breeding range.
Palm warbler has been recorded as a vagrant to Iceland.
Behavior
Palm warbler nests take the form of an open cup, usually situated on or near the ground in an open area.
Palm warblers forage on the ground much more than other warblers, sometimes flying to catch insects. These birds mainly eat insects and berries. Their constant tail bobbing is an identifying characteristic. Kirtland’s, prairie, and palm warblers are the only Setophaga species that incessantly bob their tails.
The song of this bird is a monotonous buzzy trill. The call is a sharp chek.
Fuentes: Wikipedia/eBird/xeno-canto
